Italy (Tuscany) : public and bank holidays, closure of banks, stock exchanges, school vacations

School holidays :

Sports events : Http://firenzemarathon.it/ 2023 edition confirmed

Catholic or protestant : Since pre-historic times in Europe, festivities (bonfires, offrerings) were marking the beginning of longer hours of daylight with fires and ritual. The Roman festival of Saturnalia lasted several days in December (gambling and offerings). Germanic tribes also celebrated mid-winter (drinking and rituals). The Bulgarian (with Koleduvane) and the Polish (with Gwiazdka) perpetuate this tradition. Jesus of Nazareth was probably born in springtime (Reformists favour autumn). But in the 4th century, December 25th was chosen for the celebration of his birth by Pope Julius I (Bishop Liberus is also mentioned in 354 A.D.). Thus, a Christian element was introduced in the long-established mid-winter festivals. Before 1582, the Papal States and other Italian city states celebrated New Year’s Day on Christmas Day.

Catholic or protestant : Remembrance of St Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

Secular holiday : The world's most widely celebrated holiday, New Years was set on January 1 by Julius Caesar because that was the date the Roman consuls took over their duties. Paid holiday when falling on Saturday or Sunday

Catholic or protestant : The term comes from ancient Greek and means appearance . Celebrated on the 6th January, this feast corresponds to the presentation of Child Jesus to the Magi. This is the day of Jesus' first miracle, the Wedding in Cana , and the day of his own baptism Paid holiday when falling on Saturday or Sunday

School holidays : Www.regione.toscana.it
calendar issued by the Ministry of Education
Some schools open on Saturday
Number of instructional days: 205
School uniform (grembiule) required in some schools
all study programs are aligned with the requirements of the Bologna Process
PISA ranking (average 493): 481
Schooling is mandatory till age 16
School day duration: 5:00 to 6:00 hours
Average class size: more than 21
number of instructional hours per year in lower secondary education: 600 hours
University of Pisa ranking: Shanghai #51-75 (Physics)
University of Florence ranking: Times Higher Education #--/QS ranking #461-470/Shanghai (2023) #301-400
University of Naples Federico II ranking: Times Higher Education #401-500/QS ranking #481-490/Shanghai (2023) #201-300
University of Palermo ranking: Times Higher Education #501-600/QS ranking #801-1000/Shanghai (2023) #501-600

We carry confirmed dates till July 2024

Please note that authorities may take last-minute decisions; please double-check if this information is vital to you
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School holidays :

Catholic or protestant : Paid holiday

Culture : Explosion of the Cart ceremony. Florentinese watch in Piazza del Duomo the Colombina a rocket in the shape of a dove, fly out of the Duomo and start a huge wooden cart bonfire on the piazza.