Germany (Hamburg) : public and bank holidays, closure of banks, stock exchanges, school vacations

Culture : Lasts 1 week www.filmfesthamburg.de 2023 edition confirmed

School holidays :

Protestant : Commemorates the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 with the posting of Martin Luther's 95 theses.

Catholic or protestant : Since pre-historic times in Europe, festivities (bonfires, offrerings) were marking the beginning of longer hours of daylight with fires and ritual. The Roman festival of Saturnalia lasted several days in December (gambling and offerings). Germanic tribes also celebrated mid-winter (drinking and rituals). The Bulgarian (with Koleduvane) and the Polish (with Gwiazdka) perpetuate this tradition. Jesus of Nazareth was probably born in springtime (Reformists favour autumn). But in the 4th century, December 25th was chosen for the celebration of his birth by Pope Julius I (Bishop Liberus is also mentioned in 354 A.D.). Thus, a Christian element was introduced in the long-established mid-winter festivals. Before 1582, the Papal States and other Italian city states celebrated New Year’s Day on Christmas Day.

Secular holiday :

Secular holiday : The world's most widely celebrated holiday, New Years was set on January 1 by Julius Caesar because that was the date the Roman consuls took over their duties. Paid holiday when falling on Saturday or Sunday

School holidays : Http://fhh.hamburg.de
calendar gazetted by the Ministry of Education
all study programs are aligned with the requirements of the Bologna Process
PISA ranking (average 493): 509 (among the 15 best WW)
school day duration: 5:30 hours
Average class size: more than 24
Schooling is mandatory till age 16

number of instructional hours per year in lower secondary education: 752
Usually no school on Saturday
No uniform required
University of Hamburg ranking: Times Higher Education #180/QS ranking #223/Shanghai (2023) #201-300

We carry confirmed dates till Feb 2030

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School holidays :

Catholic or protestant : The First Council of Nicaea (a gathering of bishops in the early days of Christianity) wanted to find a day to commemorate the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ. This commemoration had to be linked to Jewish holiday traditions, since the last supper of Christ was believed to be a Jewish Passover meal. But the Jewish calendar is based on lunar and solar cycles, so the Easter celebration had to follow the same calendar.

Catholic or protestant : Not a paid holiday