Finland : public and bank holidays, closure of banks, stock exchanges, school vacations

School holidays : Famous Finnish writer (1834-1872)

School holidays :

School holidays :

Special Events : At 1:00 a.m. local times

cards/flowers :

Banks only : Celebration combining prayers and merriment involving children and families. It is a prelude to All Saint's Day NOT an official public holiday

Catholic or protestant : paid holiday

cards/flowers :

Secular holiday : From Russia in 1917

Culture : The holiday, which often coincides with the winter solstice, depicts St. Lucia -- Lucy in English -- as a young girl in a white dress and red sash, with a wreath of candles on her head.

School holidays :

Culture :

Catholic or protestant : Since pre-historic times in Europe, festivities (bonfires, offrerings) were marking the beginning of longer hours of daylight with fires and ritual. The Roman festival of Saturnalia lasted several days in December (gambling and offerings). Germanic tribes also celebrated mid-winter (drinking and rituals). The Bulgarian (with Koleduvane) and the Polish (with Gwiazdka) perpetuate this tradition. Jesus of Nazareth was probably born in springtime (Reformists favour autumn). But in the 4th century, December 25th was chosen for the celebration of his birth by Pope Julius I (Bishop Liberus is also mentioned in 354 A.D.). Thus, a Christian element was introduced in the long-established mid-winter festivals. Before 1582, the Papal States and other Italian city states celebrated New Year’s Day on Christmas Day.

Secular holiday :

Secular holiday : The world's most widely celebrated holiday, New Years was set on January 1 by Julius Caesar because that was the date the Roman consuls took over their duties. Paid holiday when falling on Saturday or Sunday

Catholic or protestant : The term comes from ancient Greek and means appearance . Celebrated on the 6th January, this feast corresponds to the presentation of Child Jesus to the Magi. This is the day of Jesus' first miracle, the Wedding in Cana , and the day of his own baptism Paid holiday when falling on Saturday or Sunday

School holidays : Www.hel.fi
Swedish-speaking schools calendar is moved a few days forward
based on the official calendar published by the Ministry of Education
all study programs are aligned with the requirements of the Bologna Process
PISA ranking (average 493): 531 (one of the 5 best WW)
Schooling is mandatory till age 16
school day duration: 5:00 hours
number of instructional hours per year in lower secondary education: 580
Number of teaching days: 187
Usually no school on Saturday
No uniform required
University of Helsinki ranking: Times Higher Education #--/QS ranking #47/Shanghai #56

We carry confirmed dates till July 2023

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cards/flowers : Introduced by Pope Gelasus in 498, perhaps in response to a local Roman tradition of lovers writing their names on an urn in February

School holidays :

School holidays :

Special Events : At 1:00 am local times